Sunday, January 8, 2017

Achieving digital accessibility in India, an implementation model


         accessibility of Information and communications systems in India is critical issue not only for persons with disabilities but also all others. Persons with disabilities face several challenges in accessing e-governance services, commercial portals, Banking services, academic services and other online services as all information is being transferred on web and mobile devices. India has ratified the United nations conventions on rights of persons with disabilities in 2007 which recognizes digital accessibility a basic human rights. Still  persons with disabilities are struggling to access essential online services. In order to make all the services accessible specially for  persons with disabilities, Government of India is launching nationwide Campaign named accessible India campaign which covers accessibility of built environment, accessibility  of transportation services and accessibility of information and communication systems. Information and communication or Digital services accessibility is one of the crucial components of the campaign.

This extended abstract presents a comprehensive    model that provides a procedure of complete execution of accessibility standards and regulations in India at all the levels in a systematic way which can be refer by concerned authorities to achieve the objective of one of the components of the campaign.   

Following points are the step by steps measures that can be taken to remove digital accessibility barriers in India by implementing accessibility standards and regulations.

1.       Constitute the committee:

A committee with the representation of all the stakeholders such as government officials, scientists and academicians, Corporate professionals, social entrepreneurs and activists preferably  persons with disabilities who have proven track record in ICT accessibility shall be appointed and appropriate responsibility shall be given to them. This committee will execute the entire accessibility implementation.

2.       Setting up a goal:

Sector wise accessibility Requirement shall be done for various services and appropriate accessibility standard or regulations with specific priority levels shall be adopted for implementation. Short term and long term goal shall be set up for adapting different priority levels of the standards and regulations in phases. Essential services in each sector and each state shall be given priority followed by other services. Accessibility Implementation should be  planned uniformly in various geographical areas in stipulated  time line for each projects.

3.       Building implementation channel:


Identify partners from government organizations, Academic and research institutions, corporate and non-government organizations and individual consultants who have proven track record of handling accessibility implementation projects. Assign them responsibility of accessibility implementation as way appropriate. These shall be the organizations with which access audit, accessibility awareness and training, accessibility implementation etc will be carry out.

4.       Generate awareness:


Structured awareness generation programs in the form of workshops for application developers, Seminars and short talks for policy makers and conferences for researchers shall be designed and conducted with the identified partners in different geographical parts of the country.  Various media  Channels should be used for educating people and awareness generation about digital accessibility through program series.


5.       Strengthen government organizations:


Accessibility lab should be set up in Appropriate government organizations like software development centers and government owned companies, research organizations and academic institutions and recruit web accessibility professionals there. These  labs will insure accessibility of various services from government side. Enhance facilities of accessibility research labs of academic and research institutions already working in the area. These accessibility labs will acts as nodal centers for accessibility implementation and maintenance in government and public sector. Accessibility labs can be set up in Collaboration with corporate organizations working in the area of digital accessibility.

6.       Capacity building:

Short courses on various aspects of digital accessibility should be designed as per requirement and IT professionals should be trained for digital accessibility standards and regulations in the accessibility labs of the recognized nodal centers. Appropriate certification shall be given after accomplishment of the courses. Conceptual level topic on Digital accessibility should be made compulsory in the course curriculum of engineering/technology/management in various academic institutions. Optional or specialization on accessible computing shall be introduced in the relevant academic degree programs.


      7.     Mandate accessibility as essential component of all the developments :

   
   compliance of appropriate accessibility standards and regulations shall be considered in all the                 projects right from the beginning. Accessibility and usability should be factored in all the projects from     the initial design phase till deployment. Accessibility of mobile applications, Desktop applications as         well as accessibility of embedded systems shall also be considered.

8.       Monitoring accessibility compliance:

Recognized nodal accessibility centers should be given responsibility for monitoring and maintenance of accessibility compliance in the organizations as appropriate. Accessibility professionals at the recognized nodal centers will perform periodic accessibility evaluation and insure compliance in the organizations in specific sectors. The organization who fails to comply accessibility standards and regulations shall be penalized as appropriate.

9.       Budget and control:

Appropriate budget should be allocated for digital accessibility implementation. Fund shall also be raised through public private partnership. Appropriate subsidy should be provided to government and non-government organizations, academic institutions and corporate organizations to encourage them adaptation and maintenance of digital accessibility compliance through mutual contribution.


This model is the outcome from the individual research experience of the author in the field of accessibility research and implementation practices who have personally experienced the challenges and difficulties   due to  inaccessible environment in India. The author has individually found out solutions to cope up with inaccessible environment through thousands of trial and errors in every step of his life. This model could be a road map for the implementation of digital accessibility in India.

Conclusion:

A comprehensive model in the form of step by step procedure for implementation of accessibility standards and regulations in the entire digital setting of the country is developed from personal user and research experiences that can be referred by government authorities. The model can be applicable to other developing states.

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